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class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-02-29T00:40:24.000Z" title="发表于 2020-02-29 08:40:24">2020-02-29</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2020-07-05T12:15:42.000Z" title="更新于 2020-07-05 20:15:42">2020-07-05</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Java/">Java</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Java/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/">基础</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"> <span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">2.1k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>8分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-commentcount"><i class="far fa-comments fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">评论数:</span><a href="/post/9ee3/#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count comment-count" data-xid="/post/9ee3/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><p>Java SE的内容我是学习过一遍的，但是很长时间不用加上内容比较繁杂，很多知识又忘记了。这里记录一下遗漏的知识点。</p>
<h2 id="1-装箱拆箱"><a href="#1-装箱拆箱" class="headerlink" title="1. 装箱拆箱"></a>1. 装箱拆箱</h2><h3 id="1-1-封装类"><a href="#1-1-封装类" class="headerlink" title="1.1 封装类"></a>1.1 封装类</h3><p>所有的基本类型，都有对应的类类型。比如int对应的类是Integer，这种类就叫做封装类。</p>
<p>tips：简单类型变量无法直接获得变量类型。</p>
<p>数字封装类有Byte，Short，Integer，Long，Float，Double，这些类都是抽象类Number的子类。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-自动装箱和拆箱"><a href="#1-2-自动装箱和拆箱" class="headerlink" title="1.2 自动装箱和拆箱"></a>1.2 自动装箱和拆箱</h3><p>基本类型转换为封装类，称为装箱；封装类转换为基本类型，称为拆箱。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package encapsulation;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class TestNumber &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        int i = 5;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        // 装箱：把一个基本类型的变量，转换为Integer对象</span><br><span class="line">        Integer it = new Integer(i);</span><br><span class="line">        // 拆箱：把一个Integer对象，转换为一个基本类型的int</span><br><span class="line">        int it2 = it.intValue();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不需要调用构造方法，通过“=”符号，进行装箱和拆箱，称为自动装箱和自动拆箱。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package encapsulation;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class AutoEncapsulation &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        int i = 5;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        // 自动装箱</span><br><span class="line">        Integer it = i;</span><br><span class="line">        // 自动拆箱</span><br><span class="line">        int it2 = it;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>int的最大值可以通过其对应的封装类Integer.MAX_VALUE获取。</strong></p>
<p>自动装箱、拆箱，只能应用在对应类型下，不是对应的封装类，只能通过基本类型和封装类转换，进行装箱和拆箱。（Byte类型可以直接拆箱到int类型）。</p>
<h2 id="2-字符串转换"><a href="#2-字符串转换" class="headerlink" title="2. 字符串转换"></a>2. 字符串转换</h2><h3 id="2-1-数字转字符串"><a href="#2-1-数字转字符串" class="headerlink" title="2.1 数字转字符串"></a>2.1 数字转字符串</h3><p>[1] 使用String类的静态方法valueOf<br>[2] 先把基本类型装箱为对象，然后调用对象的toString</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package transform;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class Number2String &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        int i = 25977;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        // 方法1</span><br><span class="line">        String s1 = String.valueOf(i);</span><br><span class="line">        // 方法2</span><br><span class="line">        Integer it = i;</span><br><span class="line">        String s2 = it.toString();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(s1);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(s2);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-2-字符串转数字"><a href="#2-2-字符串转数字" class="headerlink" title="2.2 字符串转数字"></a>2.2 字符串转数字</h3><p>调用Integer的静态方法parseInt</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package transform;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class String2Number &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        String s = &quot;2578&quot;;</span><br><span class="line">        int i = Integer.parseInt(s);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(i);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3-格式化字符串"><a href="#3-格式化字符串" class="headerlink" title="3. 格式化字符串"></a>3. 格式化字符串</h2><p>%s表示字符串 %d表示数字 %n表示换行</p>
<p>System.out.format()方法格式化字符串。</p>
<h2 id="4-字符类型"><a href="#4-字符类型" class="headerlink" title="4. 字符类型"></a>4. 字符类型</h2><p>char 对应的封装类为Character，只能放一个字符。</p>
<p>Character有很多静态方法可以用来判断字符类型（比如是否为数字？是否为大写字母？）</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package typeChar;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import java.util.ArrayList;</span><br><span class="line">import java.util.List;</span><br><span class="line">import java.util.Scanner;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class Practice &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        /* 通过Scanner从控制台读取字符串，然后把字符串转换为字符数组，再筛选出读取到的字符串中的</span><br><span class="line">           字母和数字，并打印出来</span><br><span class="line">         */</span><br><span class="line">        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);</span><br><span class="line">        String str = sc.next();</span><br><span class="line">        // 转换为字符数组</span><br><span class="line">        char[] cs = str.toCharArray();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Character&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        for (char element : cs) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            if (Character.isUpperCase(element) || Character.isDigit(element)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                list.add(element);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(list);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="5-字符串"><a href="#5-字符串" class="headerlink" title="5. 字符串"></a>5. 字符串</h2><p>字符串即字符的组合，在Java中，字符串是一个类，所以我们见到的字符串都是对象。三种方法创建字符串：</p>
<ol>
<li>每当有一个字面值出现的时候，虚拟机就会创建一个字符串</li>
<li>调用String的构造方法创建字符串</li>
<li>通过+进行字符串拼接创建字符串</li>
</ol>
<p>字符串是不可改变(immutable)的。即不能改变长度、不能增删字符、不能修改字符。一旦创建好这个字符串，里面的内容永远不能改变。</p>
<p>length()方法返回当前字符串的长度</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package string;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import java.util.Random;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class Practice &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        // 创建一个长度是5的随机字符串，随机字符有可能是数字，大写字母或者小写字母。</span><br><span class="line">        Random r = new Random();</span><br><span class="line">        int randomNumber;</span><br><span class="line">        char[] is = new char[5];</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i = 0; i &lt; is.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            while (true) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                randomNumber = r.nextInt(75) + 45;</span><br><span class="line">                char c = (char) randomNumber;</span><br><span class="line">                if (Character.isDigit(c) || Character.isUpperCase(c) || Character.isLowerCase(c)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        is[i] = c;</span><br><span class="line">                        break;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        String str = new String(is);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(str);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>String类的toLowerCase可以把字符串全转换为小写字母</strong><br><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package string;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import java.util.Random;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class Practice2 &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        /* 创建一个长度是8的字符串数组，使用8个长度是5的随机字符串初始化这个数组，</span><br><span class="line">           对这个数组进行排序，按照每个字符串的首字母排序。</span><br><span class="line">         */</span><br><span class="line">        String[] strings = new String[8];</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i = 0; i &lt; strings.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            strings[i] = getRandomString();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        for (String string : strings) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(string);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(&quot;========================================&quot;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        String str;</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i = 0; i &lt; strings.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            for (int j = i + 1; j &lt; strings.length; j++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                char c1 = strings[i].toLowerCase().toCharArray()[0];</span><br><span class="line">                char c2 = strings[j].toLowerCase().toCharArray()[0];</span><br><span class="line">                if ((short) c1 &gt; (short) c2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    str = strings[i];</span><br><span class="line">                    strings[i] = strings[j];</span><br><span class="line">                    strings[j] = str;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        for (String string : strings) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(string);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static String getRandomString() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Random r = new Random();</span><br><span class="line">        int randomNumber;</span><br><span class="line">        char[] is = new char[5];</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i = 0; i &lt; is.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            while (true) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                randomNumber = r.nextInt(75) + 45;</span><br><span class="line">                char c = (char) randomNumber;</span><br><span class="line">                if (Character.isDigit(c) || Character.isUpperCase(c) || Character.isLowerCase(c)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    is[i] = c;</span><br><span class="line">                    break;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return new String(is);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><strong>注意理解此处的递归方法</strong><br><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package string;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import java.util.Random;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class Practice3 &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        /* 生成一个长度是3的随机字符串，把这个字符串作为密码；</span><br><span class="line">           使用穷举法生成长度是3的字符串，匹配上述生成的密码。</span><br><span class="line">         */</span><br><span class="line">        // 生成长度为3的随机字符串</span><br><span class="line">        String password = getRandomString(3);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(&quot;标准密码：&quot; + password);</span><br><span class="line">        char[] passwords = new char[3];</span><br><span class="line">        generatePassword(passwords, 0, password);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 生成随机字符串</span><br><span class="line">     * @param length 字符串长度</span><br><span class="line">     * @return</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public static String getRandomString(int length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        String stringPool = &quot;&quot;;</span><br><span class="line">        for (short i = &#x27;a&#x27;; i &lt;= &#x27;z&#x27;; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            stringPool += (char) i;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        for (short i = &#x27;0&#x27;; i &lt;= &#x27;9&#x27;; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            stringPool += (char) i;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        for (short i = &#x27;A&#x27;; i &lt;= &#x27;Z&#x27;; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            stringPool += (char) i;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        Random r = new Random();</span><br><span class="line">        char[] chars = new char[length];</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i = 0; i &lt; length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            int randomIndex = r.nextInt(stringPool.length());</span><br><span class="line">            chars[i] = stringPool.charAt(randomIndex);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return new String(chars);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 使用递归进行穷举密码</span><br><span class="line">     * @param passwords 字符数组，用来穷举密码</span><br><span class="line">     * @param index 检查密码的第几位</span><br><span class="line">     * @param password 标准密码</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public static void generatePassword(char[] passwords, int index, String password) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        for (short i = &#x27;0&#x27;; i &lt;= &#x27;z&#x27;; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit((char) i)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                continue;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            passwords[index] = (char) i;</span><br><span class="line">            if (index != password.length() - 1) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                generatePassword(passwords, index + 1, password);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; else &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                String guess = new String(passwords);</span><br><span class="line">//                System.out.println(&quot;穷举的密码：&quot; + guess);</span><br><span class="line">                if (guess.equals(password)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(&quot;得到正确的密码：&quot; + guess);</span><br><span class="line">                    return;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="5-1-操纵字符串"><a href="#5-1-操纵字符串" class="headerlink" title="5.1 操纵字符串"></a>5.1 操纵字符串</h3><div class="table-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法</th>
<th>简介 </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>charAt</td>
<td>获取字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>toCharArray</td>
<td>获取对应的字符数组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>subString</td>
<td>截取子字符串(左闭右开)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>split</td>
<td>分割</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>trim</td>
<td>去掉首尾空格</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>toLowerCase toUpperCase</td>
<td>大小写</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>indexOf lastIndexOf contains</td>
<td>定位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>replaceAll replaceFirst</td>
<td>替换</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3 id="5-2-比较字符串"><a href="#5-2-比较字符串" class="headerlink" title="5.2 比较字符串"></a>5.2 比较字符串</h3><p>str1和str2的内容相同，但并不是同一个字符串对象。</p>
<p>特例：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">str1 = &quot;the light&quot;;</span><br><span class="line">str2 = &quot;the light&quot;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>一般来说，编译器每碰到一个字符串的字面值，就会创建一个新的对象，所以在str1创建一个新的字符串”the light”，但是在第7行，编译器发现已经存在现成的”the light”，那么就直接拿来使用，而没有进行重复创建。</p>
<p>使用equals进行字符串内容的比较，必须大小写一致；equalsIgnoreCase忽略大小写判断内容是否一致。</p>
<p>是否以子字符串开始或结束—startsWith; endsWith</p>
<p><strong>给字符串数组中的字符串赋值字符串时，不要使用增强for循环，否则会无法赋值。。。</strong></p>
<h3 id="5-3-StringBuffer"><a href="#5-3-StringBuffer" class="headerlink" title="5.3 StringBuffer"></a>5.3 StringBuffer</h3><p>StringBuffer是可变长的字符串，并且不产生新的未使用对象。</p>
<div class="table-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法</th>
<th>简介</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>append</td>
<td>追加</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>delete</td>
<td>删除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>insert</td>
<td>插入</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>reverse</td>
<td>反转</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>length</td>
<td>长度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>capacity</td>
<td>容量</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>根据String对象，使用StringBuffer的构造方法创建一个StringBuffer对象。</p>
<p>为什么StringBuffer可以变长？</p>
<p>和String内部是一个字符数组一样，StringBuffer也维护了一个字符数组。但是，这个字符数组，留有冗余长度，从而可以进行追加和插入。</p>
<h3 id="5-4-StringBuilder"><a href="#5-4-StringBuilder" class="headerlink" title="5.4 StringBuilder"></a>5.4 StringBuilder</h3><p>是StringBuffer的一个简易替换，jdk1.5版本起才有的。</p>
<p>与StringBuffer的不同之处：<br>StringBuffer是同步的，线程安全，但每次操作时都要判断锁，效率低<br>StringBuilder是线程不同步的，不用判断锁，效率高，线程安全性要求高时可以手动同步。<br>开发建议使用StringBuilder.</p>
<h2 id="6-参考"><a href="#6-参考" class="headerlink" title="6. 参考"></a>6. 参考</h2><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://how2j.cn/k/number-string/number-string-wrap/22.html">HOW2J.CN</a></li>
</ul>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">Shen Shilei</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://blog.shenshilei.site/post/9ee3/">https://blog.shenshilei.site/post/9ee3/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://blog.shenshilei.site" target="_blank">ShenShilei's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Java/">Java</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2/">字符串</a></div><div class="post_share"><div 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class="toc-link" href="#1-2-%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1"><span class="toc-text">1.2 自动装箱和拆箱</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-text">2. 字符串转换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%BD%AC%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-text">2.1 数字转字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BD%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97"><span class="toc-text">2.2 字符串转数字</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-text">3. 格式化字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">4. 字符类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-text">5. 字符串</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-%E6%93%8D%E7%BA%B5%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-text">5.1 操纵字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-2-%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-text">5.2 比较字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-3-StringBuffer"><span class="toc-text">5.3 StringBuffer</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-4-StringBuilder"><span class="toc-text">5.4 StringBuilder</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83"><span class="toc-text">6. 参考</span></a></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i 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